Build solar cooker Step by step

Cook Food Using the Sun Step by step

Here's the Materials You'll Need:

Empty pizza box
Aluminum foil
Plastic wrap
Tape
Pen or pencil
Scissors or utility knife
Ruler
Paper plate
Chocolate or marshmallows
Graham crackers
Thermometer (optional)
Safety note: The solar oven can get very hot. Use caution when handling.

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Step 2 of 8:

Draw a square around the lid of the pizza box about 2 inches away from the sides. Cut along three of the lines -- on the sides and front edge of the box -- leaving the fourth line along the box's back hinge uncut.

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Step 3 of 8:

Fold back the square flap. Cut a piece of foil to completely cover the flap. Tape it to the part of the flap that faces downward into the box, shiny side out. Make sure you press all the wrinkles out.

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Step 4 of 8:

Cut enough foil to cover all inside surfaces of the pizza box, both the bottom and the sides. Place the foil shiny side facing out and overlap the seams. Tape into place.

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Step 5 of 8:

Cut a piece of plastic wrap to cover the hole that the flap made in the box lid. Hint: Before cutting the plastic wrap, tape one end of it to the box lid and stretch it across so it covers the hole. Tape the plastic to the pizza box lid, sealing it tightly so no air can get out. Cut the wrap and finish taping it down.

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Step 6 of 8:

Place graham crackers and chocolate (or marshmallows) on top of the paper plate and place inside the cooker. You can try making different kinds of food, like a grilled cheese sandwich.

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Step 7 of 8:

Close the lid of the pizza box. Fold back the flap and prop it open with a ruler or stick. Place the box outside, with the flap facing the sun. The sun should reflect off the flap and into the box. Let the food cook until it's done, which may take 30 minutes to an hour. If you'd lke, you can place a thermometer inside the box and measure the temperature every 10 minutes to see how hot it gets. Enjoy your snack when it's ready!
Safety note: The solar oven can get very hot. Use caution when handling.

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Step 8 of 8:

The solar oven has a reflector that takes the light energy from the sun and concentrates it towards the baking chamber. The sun's rays are collected by the aluminum foil flap and concentrated on a single point inside the box. The rays are converted into heat energy. When an object such as chocolate or a hot dog is placed inside the box, it heats up and cooks.
This solar oven lets you cook anything that can be prepared in a conventional oven or stovetop. It can reach temperatures of 275 degrees - hot enough to cook food and kill germs in water. A general rule for cooking in a solar oven is to get the food in early and don't worry about overcooking. Expect cooking time to take about twice as long as conventional methods, and allow about half an hour for the solar oven to preheat.

Build solar cooker Step by step

Cook Food Using the Sun Step by step

Here's the Materials You'll Need:

Empty pizza box
Aluminum foil
Plastic wrap
Tape
Pen or pencil
Scissors or utility knife
Ruler
Paper plate
Chocolate or marshmallows
Graham crackers
Thermometer (optional)
Safety note: The solar oven can get very hot. Use caution when handling.

---

Step 2 of 8:

Draw a square around the lid of the pizza box about 2 inches away from the sides. Cut along three of the lines -- on the sides and front edge of the box -- leaving the fourth line along the box's back hinge uncut.

---

Step 3 of 8:

Fold back the square flap. Cut a piece of foil to completely cover the flap. Tape it to the part of the flap that faces downward into the box, shiny side out. Make sure you press all the wrinkles out.

---

Step 4 of 8:

Cut enough foil to cover all inside surfaces of the pizza box, both the bottom and the sides. Place the foil shiny side facing out and overlap the seams. Tape into place.

---

Step 5 of 8:

Cut a piece of plastic wrap to cover the hole that the flap made in the box lid. Hint: Before cutting the plastic wrap, tape one end of it to the box lid and stretch it across so it covers the hole. Tape the plastic to the pizza box lid, sealing it tightly so no air can get out. Cut the wrap and finish taping it down.

---

Step 6 of 8:

Place graham crackers and chocolate (or marshmallows) on top of the paper plate and place inside the cooker. You can try making different kinds of food, like a grilled cheese sandwich.

---

Step 7 of 8:

Close the lid of the pizza box. Fold back the flap and prop it open with a ruler or stick. Place the box outside, with the flap facing the sun. The sun should reflect off the flap and into the box. Let the food cook until it's done, which may take 30 minutes to an hour. If you'd lke, you can place a thermometer inside the box and measure the temperature every 10 minutes to see how hot it gets. Enjoy your snack when it's ready!
Safety note: The solar oven can get very hot. Use caution when handling.

---

Step 8 of 8:

The solar oven has a reflector that takes the light energy from the sun and concentrates it towards the baking chamber. The sun's rays are collected by the aluminum foil flap and concentrated on a single point inside the box. The rays are converted into heat energy. When an object such as chocolate or a hot dog is placed inside the box, it heats up and cooks.
This solar oven lets you cook anything that can be prepared in a conventional oven or stovetop. It can reach temperatures of 275 degrees - hot enough to cook food and kill germs in water. A general rule for cooking in a solar oven is to get the food in early and don't worry about overcooking. Expect cooking time to take about twice as long as conventional methods, and allow about half an hour for the solar oven to preheat.

Cook Food Using the Sun Step by step

Cook Food Using the Sun Step by step

Here's the Materials You'll Need:

Empty pizza box
Aluminum foil
Plastic wrap
Tape
Pen or pencil
Scissors or utility knife
Ruler
Paper plate
Chocolate or marshmallows
Graham crackers
Thermometer (optional)
Safety note: The solar oven can get very hot. Use caution when handling.

---

Step 2 of 8:

Draw a square around the lid of the pizza box about 2 inches away from the sides. Cut along three of the lines -- on the sides and front edge of the box -- leaving the fourth line along the box's back hinge uncut.

---

Step 3 of 8:

Fold back the square flap. Cut a piece of foil to completely cover the flap. Tape it to the part of the flap that faces downward into the box, shiny side out. Make sure you press all the wrinkles out.

---

Step 4 of 8:

Cut enough foil to cover all inside surfaces of the pizza box, both the bottom and the sides. Place the foil shiny side facing out and overlap the seams. Tape into place.

---

Step 5 of 8:

Cut a piece of plastic wrap to cover the hole that the flap made in the box lid. Hint: Before cutting the plastic wrap, tape one end of it to the box lid and stretch it across so it covers the hole. Tape the plastic to the pizza box lid, sealing it tightly so no air can get out. Cut the wrap and finish taping it down.

---

Step 6 of 8:

Place graham crackers and chocolate (or marshmallows) on top of the paper plate and place inside the cooker. You can try making different kinds of food, like a grilled cheese sandwich.

---

Step 7 of 8:

Close the lid of the pizza box. Fold back the flap and prop it open with a ruler or stick. Place the box outside, with the flap facing the sun. The sun should reflect off the flap and into the box. Let the food cook until it's done, which may take 30 minutes to an hour. If you'd lke, you can place a thermometer inside the box and measure the temperature every 10 minutes to see how hot it gets. Enjoy your snack when it's ready!
Safety note: The solar oven can get very hot. Use caution when handling.

---

Step 8 of 8:

The solar oven has a reflector that takes the light energy from the sun and concentrates it towards the baking chamber. The sun's rays are collected by the aluminum foil flap and concentrated on a single point inside the box. The rays are converted into heat energy. When an object such as chocolate or a hot dog is placed inside the box, it heats up and cooks.
This solar oven lets you cook anything that can be prepared in a conventional oven or stovetop. It can reach temperatures of 275 degrees - hot enough to cook food and kill germs in water. A general rule for cooking in a solar oven is to get the food in early and don't worry about overcooking. Expect cooking time to take about twice as long as conventional methods, and allow about half an hour for the solar oven to preheat.

Build a Wind Turbine

Build a Wind Turbine

Step 1 of 7:

Here's the Materials You'll Need:

Three PVC pipes, one about 30 cm long and the others at least 15 cm long
Three PVC T-joints
One PVC elbow joint
Motor
Wire (about two feet long)
Wire cutters
Hub (available from Kid Wind Project)
Wood dowels
Multimeter
Alligator clips
Scissors
Tape
Hair dryer or fan
Materials for blades, such as balsa wood, aluminum foil, construction paper, popsicle sticks, etc.

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Step 2 of 7:

Insert a 15-cm PVC pipe into the middle hole of a PVC T-joint. Repeat with another 15-cm PVC pipe and T-joint. Join the two pieces together by inserting the free ends of the pipes into the sides of a third T-joint, with the middle hole facing up.

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Step 3 of 7:

Insert the remaining PVC pipe into the T-joint hole that is facing up, so that the pipe stands upright. Place the final T-joint on the free end of the tower.

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Step 4 of 7:

Attach two wires to the motor. Place the motor securely into the joint at the top of the tower. Run the wires down the tower pipe and out one of the T-joints on the base. If needed, use duct tape to keep the motor in place securely.

Attach the plastic, round piece called the hub to the straight, metal piece on the outside of the motor.

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Step 5 of 7:

Connect the wires to the multimeter using the alligator clips. Set the multimeter to 20 volts.

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Step 6 of 7:

Place a few small, wooden dowels into the holes of the hub. Create wind using a hair dryer or fan. Check the multimeter to see how much energy is generated.

Using a variety of  materials, design different blades for the wind turbine. Consider the weight, smoothness of surface and number of blades needed. Attach the blades to the dowels using tape.

Turn on the hair dryer or fan again and test the turbine with each type of blade you design. How does the electrical output differ? Test the turbine with different wind speeds, such as low, medium and high fan settings. Does the wind speed affect the electrical energy output?

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Step 7 of 7:

As the kinetic mechanical energy of the moving wind moves and rotates the blades of the wind turbine, a generator inside the turbine is also rotated. This causes a coiled wire to rotate around a magnet and creates an electrical current which we measure with a multimeter.

Since energy is neither created nor destroyed, the greater the energy input, the greater the energy output will be. Therefore, the more mechanical energy you start with -- the faster the blades turn -- the more electrical energy will be created by the turbine.

Make a Carbon dioxide

Make a Carbon dioxide

Step 1 of 6:

Here's the Materials You'll Need:

Balloon
Funnel
Measuring spoons
Measuring cups
Empty bottle
Baking soda
Vinegar

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Step 2 of 6:

Use the funnel to pour 2 teaspoons of baking soda into an empty balloon. Rinse and dry the funnel.

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Step 3 of 6:

Use the funnel to pour ¼ cup of vinegar into the bottle.

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Step 4 of 6:

Stretch the mouth of the balloon around the bottle top.

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Step 5 of 6:

Lift the balloon, letting the baking soda pour into the bottle. Watch what happens!

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Step 6 of 6:

When you combined the solid (baking soda) and the liquid (vinegar), the chemical reaction created a gas called carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is invisible, except as the bubbles of gas you may have noticed when the vinegar and baking soda mixture began to fizz. This gas is what made the balloon inflate.

Analyze Candy Using Chromatography

Analyze Candy Using Chromatography

Step 1 of 9:

Here's the Materials You'll Need:

At least two kinds of candy-coated sweets (like M&Ms, Reese’s Pieces, Skittles) in the same color(brown works best)
Coffee filters cut into 1” x 3” strips
Toothpicks
Small glasses
Water
Pen

Key Terms Defined

Chromatography

A method for analyzing complex mixtures by separating them into the chemicals from which they are made.

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Step 2 of 9:

An adult should complete steps 2 through 4 without letting the children see. Dampen an M&M and make a smudge on a coffee filter strip about a third of the way up. This is the candy evidence that was found at the crime scene.

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Step 3 of 9:

Poke a toothpick through the top of the crime scene filter paper. Rest the toothpick on the edge of an empty glass (or hold it) so the filter paper hangs down inside.

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Step 4 of 9:

Add enough water to the cup so that it touches the bottom of the crime scene filter paper but does NOT touch the candy smudge. Allow the water to rise up the filter paper, which causes the candy smudge to spread out. This will take a few minutes. Remove the crime scene filter paper from the water and allow it to dry.

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Step 5 of 9:

The children can complete the following steps. Write “A” at the top of one of the unused filter papers and “B” at the top of another unused filter paper.

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Step 6 of 9:

Dampen an M&M and make a smudge on the “A” coffee filter strip about a third of the way up. Dampen the other candy (Reese’s Pieces, Skittles, etc.) and make a smudge on the “B” coffee filter strip about a third of the way up.

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Step 7 of 9:

Poke a toothpick through the top of the filter paper. Rest the toothpick on the edge of an empty glass so the filter paper hangs down inside. Repeat with the other filter paper. Add enough water to each cup so that it touches the bottom of the filter paper but does NOT touch the candy smudge. Allow the water to rise up the filter paper, which causes the candy smudge to spread out. This will take a few minutes.

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Step 8 of 9:

Remove the filter papers from the water and allow them to dry. Compare the “A” and “B” filter papers to the crime scene filter paper. Which type of candy was left at the crime scene?

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Step 9 of 9:

The dyes used to make colored candy can be made up of several colors. These dyes are composed of different compounds that separate during chromatography. The water rising up the filter paper caused the compounds in the candy to spread out in a spectrum.
Try this – Try this activity with different types of candy, or with candy of different colors. How are the results different?
Source:Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago

Aerodynamics/ Hydrodynamics Science fair projects Ideas and PDF Downloads

Top 30 Aerodynamics/ Hydrodynamics Science fair projects Ideas and PDF Downloads

Aerodynamics/ Hydrodynamics Science fair projects Ideas

1. Which Windmill Is Better?
2. How Wing Design Affects Lift across Different Angles of Attack
3. The Science of Paper Airplane Flight
4. Sustainability with Wind Power
5. Fins, Flippers, Feet!
6. Air Pressure in Soccer Balls
7. How Efficient Is Your Wind Turbine?
8. Hovercrafts: Winds of Movement
9. Stoked on Viscosity
10. Fuel Troubles: Improving Car Aerodynamics and Fuel Efficiency through Dimples
11. Falling Faster: The Effect of Area on Terminal Velocity
12. WHRRR! The Effect of the Angle of a Blade on the Voltage Output of a Wind Turbine
13. Pick-Up the Pace: A Study in Truck Body Shapes and Drag
14. Maximum Angle of Attack Before Stalling
15. Spin It to the Limit
16. The Effect of Water Level on the Altitude of a 2-Liter Water Rocket
17. Determining the Relationship between Lift and Wind Speed to Induce Flight in a Sample Aircraft
18. Hovercraft Mania
19. Rotating into the Future of Flight
20. Fly Like an Eagle: Ornithopter Dynamics
21. Does the Size of the Waterwheel Paddle Affect Speed and Performance?
22. Does Wing Affect the Amount of Kinetic Energy Produced by the Different Wind Blade Designs
23. Gone with the Wind
24. Water Wheelin': The Effects of Turbine Blade Size on Power Produced by a Micro-Hydro Water Turbine
25. The Lean Mean Green Machine: Finding the Optimum Parameters for an Efficient Windmill
26. Which Airfoil Design Generates the Most Lift?
27. The Amazing Hovercraft
28. How Does Parachute Material Affect Speed?
29. Levitation: Applied Electro hydrodynamics
30. Which Pitch to Ditch? How Propeller Pitch Affects the Thrust and Speed of an Underwater Motor
31. Looking for Lift!

Download These Science Fair Projects: http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2009/Panels/J01.html

Fire Water Balloon Experiment Video

 Fire Water Balloon Experiment Video

Materials 

The materials required for this science fair project:
- 1 matchbox - 1 candle - 1 yellow colored balloon - 1 blue colored balloon - Half a cup of water

Procedure 

1. For this experiment, the independent variable is whether the balloon is filled with water or not. The dependent variable is what happens to the balloon when it is placed above the lit candle. This is determined by observing the balloon. The constants (control variables) are how much the balloon is inflated and the amount of water in the balloon.
 2. Inflate the yellow colored balloon and tie it up.
3. Pour half a cup of water into the blue colored balloon before inflating it to the same size as the yellow color balloon and tie it up.
 4. Light up the candle. Be careful when using match sticks to avoid causing fires, or burning yourself.
5. Hold the yellow colored balloon on top of the lit candle. Observe and record what happens. 6. Hold the blue colored balloon on top of the lit candle. Observe and record what happens.

How much noise can produce paper cup?

How much noise can produce paper cup?

 

How much noise can produce paper cup

materials needed

plastic cup (or paper)

string, about 30 cm (12 in.) long

Half of a toothpick

Procedure

1. Make a small hole in the bottom of the cup, at the center. You can use the toothpick or your pencil to make the hole.

2. Insert the end of the string through the hole in the cup.

3. Tie the string around the half toothpick, so the toothpick will be on the outside of the cup.

4. Hold the cup in one hand. Squeeze the string with the thumb and index finger of the other hand, and pull, holding the string tight, but allowing it to slip through your fingers.

5. Did you hear anything? If not, squeeze a little tighter next time.

6. Wet the string with water and do it again.

7. What happened? Explain, and have fun!

                For problem solvers:

 Experiment with different materials. The variables are the cup, the string, the water, and how tightly you held the string with your fingers. Change one variable at a time and see what differences you can make. Predict what differences each change will make before you try it.

                if you can find a small feather or two and some rally eyes, you could decorate this noisemaker and call it the yellow chicken, the red hen, or something like that. you decide. you could fashion a beak out of a clothespin or some other suitable object.

                why does this thing make sound? what is the role of the cup?

Experiment with Short Circuit

What is a short circuit? 

Short circuit is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path, often where essentially no (or a very low) electrical impedance is encountered. The electrical opposite of a short circuit is an "open circuit", which is an infinite resistance between two nodes. It is common to misuse "short circuit" to describe any electrical malfunction, regardless of the actual problem Source: Wikipedia

Experiment with Short Circuit

Do Experiment

Materials needed

·         one 1.5-volt flashlight battery 

·         Two 25 cm ( 10 in.) lengths of single strand insulated copper wire of 20 or 22 gauge.

·         small light socket with flashlight bulb

·         small screw driver 

One 25 cm (10-in) length of copper wire, similar to that used in activity 8.2, stripped on both ends. 

Procedure

1.      Connect your circuit so there is a complete path and the light turns on.
2. Strip (clean off) the insulation from 1 cm (1/2 in.) in the centre of each wire. Does the light still go on?
3. Put the bare ends of the extra piece of wire across the bare sections of your circuit wires. Does the light go one?
4. What do you think has happened? Why?
5. Feel the ends where the bare ends are touching. Do you notice anything?
6. You have made a short circuit. Discuss with your teacher and the other class members what that means.

2.       

Conclusion:

Share us your results with us.

Caution:

do not leave the circuit connected this way for more than a few seconds. If the battery is strong the wire might become hot enough to burn fingers, though it will still not cause an electrical shock. It will also run thee battery down very rapidly